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== Kingdom of France ==
The people of Québec have been ruled from the capital of France for about 150 years (1608-1760), from that of Great Britain for 107 years (1760-1867), from that of Great Britain and of Canada for 64 years (1867-1931) and from that of Canada without supervision from Great Britain for 77 years (1931-).


=== Company Rule ===
Since 1776 and 1789, every generation of Quebecers has wanted to change the constitution of their home country, through profound reform or other means.


The French subjects were under the dominion of trade companies all over New France (Canada, Acadia, Louisiana). In Canada, a succession of different trade groups are responsible for the development of the Laurentian colony until 1663.
== Kingdom of France (225 years) ==


* 1627 - Edict of the King of France creating the Company of One Hundred Associates (Read [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?display=40523+002 full text] in French)
For some 225 years, the populations of Quebec were subjects of the Kings of France.  
* 1645 - The Company of One Hundred Associates transfers its monopoly (except Acadia) to the [http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/CompagniedesHabitants1645-QuebecHistory.htm ''Compagnie des Habitants'']


=== Royal Province ===
=== French company rule (129 years) ===


In 1663, all of New France is made into a royal province of the Kingdom of France. Other Provinces of France were for example Poitou, Saintonge, Aunis, Picardy etc. New France being an immense territory many times larger than France itself, the province was divided into regions that were largely autonomous from each other.  
In the early days of the French colonization, the French subjects were under the dominion of trade companies in all parts of New France (Canada, Acadia, Louisiana etc.). Until 1663, a succession of different trade companies, the Compagnie de Rouen (1613 to 1620), Compagnie de Montmorency (1621 to 1627), Compagnie des Cent-Associés de la Nouvelle-France (1627-1645) and Compagnie des Habitants (1645-1663), were responsible for the administration and development of the Laurentian colony popularly called ''Canada''.


* 1663 - Edict of the King of France creating of the Superior Council of Quebec (Read [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?display=40523+0049 full text] in French)
* 1627 - Edict of the King of France creating the Company of One Hundred Associates (Read [[biblio:Acte pour l'établissement de la Compagnie des Cent-Associés|full text]] in French)
* 1645 - The Company of One Hundred Associates transfers its monopoly over ''Canada'' to the [http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/CompagniedesHabitants1645-QuebecHistory.htm ''Compagnie des Habitants'']


== Kingdom of Great Britain ==
=== French Royal province (96 years) ===


=== Military rule ===
[[Image:Constitution-of-new-france-1759.png|thumb|Constitution of New France, 1759]]In 1663, New France was turned into a royal province of the Kingdom of France. Examples of other provinces of France at the time were Poitou, Saintonge, Aunis, Picardy etc. New France being an immense territory many times larger than France itself, the provincial government was divided into administrations that were largely autonomous from each other. Canada was itself divided into three districts (Québec, Trois-Rivères and Montréal) each having its own government.


* 1760 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal. Quebecers are granted recognition as British subjects (Read [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/PageView/42695/0010?id=bf9d264f4e99d95c&size=3 full text])
The colony of Acadia, ceded to Great Britain with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, never had the time and resources to give itself a full set of provincial institutions.


=== Civil rule - No representation ===
The immense colony of Louisiana, founded in 1699, remained under company rule (''Compagnie de Crozat'', then ''Compagnie des Indes'') until 1732, when the royal government was implanted. By the 1750s, Louisiana had a full set of provincial institution and was largely autonomous from the central government of New France located in ''Canada''.


* 1663 - Edict of the King of France creating of the Superior Council of Quebec (Read [[biblio:Édit de création du Conseil souverain de la Nouvelle-France|full text]] in French)
== Kingdom of Great Britain (171 years) ==
=== British military rule (4 years) ===
* 1760 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal. The ''Canadiens'' are made British subjects (Read [[Articles of Capitulation of Montreal|full text]])
=== British royal regime without representation (28 years) ===
[[Image:Constitution-of-quebec-1775.png|thumb|Constitution of the Province of Québec, 1775]]
In 1763, French Canada is given the name of Province of Quebec. However, the inhabitants of the country will stubbornly continue to call themselves ''Canadiens'' for a very long time...
In 1763, French Canada is given the name of Province of Quebec. However, the inhabitants of the country will stubbornly continue to call themselves ''Canadiens'' for a very long time...


* 1763 - Treaty of Paris, (Read [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/paris763.htm full text])
* 1763 - Treaty of Paris, (Read [[Treaty of Paris of 1763|full text]])
* 1763 - On October 7, Royal Proclamation (Read [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/proc1763.htm full text])
* 1763 - On October 7, Royal Proclamation (Read [[Royal Proclamation of 1763|full text]])
* 1765 - British merchants established in Quebec petition for a House of commons for protestants alone.
* 1765 - British merchants established in Quebec petition for a colonial House of Commons for Protestants alone.
* 1773 - On October and November, British merchants and a few Canadiens petition for an elective House of commons.
* 1773 - On October and November, British merchants and a few ''Canadiens'' petition for an elective House of Commons.
* 1773 - In December, Canadien landlords petition for the conservation of French civil laws and ask to be granted the rights and the priviledges of British subjects.
* 1773 - In December, ''Canadien'' landlords petition for the conservation of Canadian civil laws and ask to be granted the rights and the privileges of British subjects.
* 1774 - On June 22, The Quebec Act formalizes the status quo (Read [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quebec_act_1774.htm full text])
* 1774 - On June 22, The ''Quebec Act'' formalizes the status quo (Read [[Quebec Act|full text]])
* 1784 - Pierre du Calvet publishes ''Appel à la justice de l'État'' which includes a constitutional project
* 1784 - [[Pierre du Calvet]] publishes ''Appel à la justice de l'État'' which includes a [[System of Government for Canada|constitutional project]]
* 1784 - A group of 2291 petitioners (1436 Canadiens and 855 British) demand the creation of an elective house of assembly for all without regards to nationality or religion.
* 1784 - A group of 2291 people (1436 ''Canadiens'' and 855 British) petition for the establishment of an elective House of Assembly for all without regards to nationality or religion. (Read [[Petition of Ancient and New Subjects for a House of Assembly, 1784|full text]])
 
=== Civil rule with powerless elected house ===


* 1791 - On June 10, The Constitutional Act (Read [http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/ca_1791.html full text])
=== British parliamentary regime with powerless elected house (46 years) ===
* 1800 to 1822 - Battle for the right to vote the civil list, control of the budget, demands for an elective legislative council and a government responsible to the house of representatives, petitions against the Union project etc.
[[Image:Constitution-of-lower-canada-1792.png|thumb|Constitution of the Province of Lower Canada, 1792]]
* 1791 - On June 10, the ''Constitutional Act'' (Read [[Constitutional Act of 1791|full text]])
* 1800 to 1822 - Battle for the right to vote the civil list annually, control of the budget, demands for an elective legislative council and a government responsible to the house of representatives, petitions against the Union project etc.
*1822 - British merchants and bureaucrats petition for the Union of Upper and Lower Canada into a single colony before the British Parliament in London.
*1822 - British merchants and bureaucrats petition for the Union of Upper and Lower Canada into a single colony before the British Parliament in London.
*1823 - On May 10, Louis-Joseph Papineau and John Neilson are sent to London by the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council to bring a petition of 60,000 signatures against the Union project.
*1823 - On May 10, [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]] and [[John Neilson]] are delegated to Westminster by the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council to present a petition of 60,000 signatures against the Union project. (read [[Letter from L. J. Papineau and J. Neilson, Esqs., Addressed to His Majesty's Under Secretary of State on the Subject of the Proposed Union of the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada|Letter from Papineau and Neilson to the Under Secretary of State on the Proposed Union]])
* 1834 - The 92 Resolutions of the Parti patriote are sent to London. (Read [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/PageView/9_03428/0299?id=5f05c79eb7dbea35&size=3 full text])
* 1834 - The ''Ninety-Two Resolutions'' of the House of Assembly (Parti patriote) are sent to London. (Read [[The Ninety-Two Resolutions of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada|full text]])
* 1837 - 10 Russell's Resolutions (Read [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/PageView/9_03428/0371?id=9cdbffcc4d5e1cdb&size=3 full text])
* 1837 - The ''Ten Resolutions'' of John Russell (Read [[Resolutions intended to be proposed by Lord John Russell, in a committee of the whole house, relative to the affairs of Canada|full text]])
* 1837 - Boycott of all British imports, popular gatherings to protest the despotic rule of London over Lower Canada and Upper Canada, organization of the Fils de la liberté, mendates of arrest on the leaders of the Patriote movement, armed conflicts crushed by the British army.
* 1837 - Boycott of all British imports, [[List of the public meetings held in Lower Canada between May and November 1837|numerous public meetings]] to protest against the despotic rule of London over Lower Canada and Upper Canada, organization of the ''Fils de la liberté'', mandates of arrest on the leaders of the Patriote movement, the armed resistance to their arrest by three leaders is crushed by the British army.


=== British Military rule & Special Council ===
=== British military rule & Special council (3 years) ===


* 1838 - Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada (Read [[Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada|full text]])
* 1838 - ''Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada'' by [[Robert Nelson]] who invades the country with a small party of patriots exiled in the USA (Read [[Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada|full text]])


=== British Civil rule with powerless elected house and underrepresentation ===
=== British parliamentary regime with powerless elected house & underrepresentation (8 years) ===


* 1840 - The Act of Union (Read [http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/ua_1840.html full text])
* 1840 - The ''Act of Union'' (Read [[Act of Union|full text]])


=== British Civil rule with powerful elected house and underrepresentation ===
=== British parliamentary regime with powerful elected house & underrepresentation (19 years) ===


* 1848 - A French motion for the restauration of the French language, representation proportional to the population (rep-by-pop), double-majority principle to work around the Union Act's very purpose, Rebellion Losses Bill, Burning of the Parliament.
* 1848 - A French motion for the restoration of the French language, representation proportional to the population (rep-by-pop), double-majority principle to work around the Union Act's very purpose, Rebellion Losses Bill, Burning of the Parliament.
* 1864 - Québec Resolutions. Many politicians voice against the confederation and demand for a referendum on the question confident it will be rejected by voters.
* 1864 - Québec Resolutions. Many politicians voice against the confederation and demand for a referendum on the question confident it will be rejected by voters.


=== British Dominion rule, provincial autonomy ===
=== British federal dominion rule, provincial autonomy (64 years) ===


Quebec elects a minority of the members of the federal parliament, however Quebec's Franco-Catholic majority can take control of the Parliament of Quebec if they can only get the Catholic clergy to stop interfering in temporal affairs.
Quebec elects a minority of the members of the federal parliament, however Quebec's Franco-Catholic majority can take control of the Parliament of Quebec if they can only get the Catholic clergy to stop interfering in temporal affairs.


* 1867 - British North America Act (Read [http://lois.justice.gc.ca/en/const/c1867_e.html full text])
* 1867 - ''British North America Act'' (Read [http://lois.justice.gc.ca/en/const/c1867_e.html full text])
* 1867 - In September, Liberal Premier of Nova Scotia elected on an anti-confederation agenda, various demands for the breakup of the confederation, major electoral fraud allows for the election of the pro-confederation party in Quebec.
* 1867 - In September, Liberal Premier of Nova Scotia elected on an anti-confederation agenda, various demands for the breakup of the confederation, major electoral fraud allows for the election of the pro-confederation party in Quebec.


''Beginning of a long saga to reform the constitution of the Dominion of Canada. Quebec demands the respect of its exclusive provincial powers by Ottawa, bilingualism in the other provinces too and a decentralization of federal powers so that Canada be a real binational confederation.''
''Beginning of a long saga to reform the constitution of the Dominion of Canada. Quebec demands the respect of its exclusive provincial powers by Ottawa, bilingualism in the other provinces too and a decentralization of federal powers so that Canada be a real binational confederation.''


== Canadian federation ==
== Canadian federation (75 years) ==


=== Canadian rule, provincial autonomy weakened ===
=== Canadian rule, provincial autonomy weakened (51 years) ===


* 1931 - Westminster Statute (Read [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1936westminster.html full text])
* 1931 - ''Westminster Statute'' (Read [[An Act to give effect to certain resolutions passed by Imperial Conferences held in the years 1926 and 1930|full text]])
* 1971 - Victoria Charter (Read [http://www.uni.ca/library/victoria_charter.html full text])
* 1971 - ''Victoria Charter'' (Read [http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/Proposals/Victoria_Charter.html full text])
* 1980 - Québec Sovereignty-Association Referendum: 60% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project
* 1980 - Québec Sovereignty-Association Referendum: 60% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project
* 1982 - Unconstitutional patriation of the BNAA by the federal government
 
* 1982 - Constitutional Act (Read [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/annex_e.html full text])
=== Canadian rule, unsigned constitution (25 years) ===
* 1987 - Meech Lake Accord (Read [http://www.uni.ca/initiatives/meech_e.php full text])
 
* 1992 - Charlottetown Accord (Read [http://www.uni.ca/initiatives/charlottetown.php full text])
* 1982 - Unconstitutional and illegitimate patriation of the BNAA by the federal government
* 1992 - Charlottetown Accord Referendum: The Accord is reject by both the Quebec electorate and Canadian electorate
* 1982 - ''Constitutional Act'' adopted without Quebec (Read [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/annex_e.html full text])
* 1995 - Québec Sovereignty with Partnership Referendum: 50.6% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project. Major case of fraud revealed. Read [[1995 referendum on sovereignty: who really won?]]
* 1987 - [[Constitutional Accord of 1987 (Meech Lake)|Meech Lake Accord]] collapses
* 1998 - Clarity Act (C-20) (Read [http://www.canlii.org/ca/sta/c-31.8/whole.html full text])
* 1992 - [[Consensus Report on the Constitution (Charlottetown Accord)|Charlottetown Accord]] Referendum: The Accord is rejected by both the Quebec electorate and Canadian electorate
* 1999 - Rights and Prerogatives of the people of Québec (Bill 99) (Read [http://www.canlii.org/qc/laws/sta/e-20.2/20060926/whole.html full text])
* 1995 - Québec Sovereignty with Partnership Referendum: 50.6% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project. However, a [[1995 referendum on sovereignty: who really won?|major case of fraud]] is revealed.
* 1998 - ''Clarity Act'' (Bill C-20) (Read [http://www.canlii.org/ca/sta/c-31.8/whole.html full text])
* 1999 - ''Rights and Prerogatives of the people of Québec'' (Bill 99) (Read [[An Act respecting the exercise of the fundamental rights and prerogatives of the Québec people and the Québec State|full text]])
 
== Summary ==
 
From province of France, to province of Great Britain to province of Canada for a total of some 472 years in 2006.
 
What does Québec want? Independence!!! Sovereignty of the people!!! Home Rule!!! Self-Government!!! Call it want you want!

Latest revision as of 08:53, 12 March 2011

The people of Québec have been ruled from the capital of France for about 150 years (1608-1760), from that of Great Britain for 107 years (1760-1867), from that of Great Britain and of Canada for 64 years (1867-1931) and from that of Canada without supervision from Great Britain for 77 years (1931-).

Since 1776 and 1789, every generation of Quebecers has wanted to change the constitution of their home country, through profound reform or other means.

Kingdom of France (225 years)

For some 225 years, the populations of Quebec were subjects of the Kings of France.

French company rule (129 years)

In the early days of the French colonization, the French subjects were under the dominion of trade companies in all parts of New France (Canada, Acadia, Louisiana etc.). Until 1663, a succession of different trade companies, the Compagnie de Rouen (1613 to 1620), Compagnie de Montmorency (1621 to 1627), Compagnie des Cent-Associés de la Nouvelle-France (1627-1645) and Compagnie des Habitants (1645-1663), were responsible for the administration and development of the Laurentian colony popularly called Canada.

  • 1627 - Edict of the King of France creating the Company of One Hundred Associates (Read full text in French)
  • 1645 - The Company of One Hundred Associates transfers its monopoly over Canada to the Compagnie des Habitants

French Royal province (96 years)

Constitution of New France, 1759

In 1663, New France was turned into a royal province of the Kingdom of France. Examples of other provinces of France at the time were Poitou, Saintonge, Aunis, Picardy etc. New France being an immense territory many times larger than France itself, the provincial government was divided into administrations that were largely autonomous from each other. Canada was itself divided into three districts (Québec, Trois-Rivères and Montréal) each having its own government.

The colony of Acadia, ceded to Great Britain with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, never had the time and resources to give itself a full set of provincial institutions.

The immense colony of Louisiana, founded in 1699, remained under company rule (Compagnie de Crozat, then Compagnie des Indes) until 1732, when the royal government was implanted. By the 1750s, Louisiana had a full set of provincial institution and was largely autonomous from the central government of New France located in Canada.

  • 1663 - Edict of the King of France creating of the Superior Council of Quebec (Read full text in French)

Kingdom of Great Britain (171 years)

British military rule (4 years)

  • 1760 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal. The Canadiens are made British subjects (Read full text)

British royal regime without representation (28 years)

Constitution of the Province of Québec, 1775

In 1763, French Canada is given the name of Province of Quebec. However, the inhabitants of the country will stubbornly continue to call themselves Canadiens for a very long time...

  • 1763 - Treaty of Paris, (Read full text)
  • 1763 - On October 7, Royal Proclamation (Read full text)
  • 1765 - British merchants established in Quebec petition for a colonial House of Commons for Protestants alone.
  • 1773 - On October and November, British merchants and a few Canadiens petition for an elective House of Commons.
  • 1773 - In December, Canadien landlords petition for the conservation of Canadian civil laws and ask to be granted the rights and the privileges of British subjects.
  • 1774 - On June 22, The Quebec Act formalizes the status quo (Read full text)
  • 1784 - Pierre du Calvet publishes Appel à la justice de l'État which includes a constitutional project
  • 1784 - A group of 2291 people (1436 Canadiens and 855 British) petition for the establishment of an elective House of Assembly for all without regards to nationality or religion. (Read full text)

British parliamentary regime with powerless elected house (46 years)

Constitution of the Province of Lower Canada, 1792
  • 1791 - On June 10, the Constitutional Act (Read full text)
  • 1800 to 1822 - Battle for the right to vote the civil list annually, control of the budget, demands for an elective legislative council and a government responsible to the house of representatives, petitions against the Union project etc.
  • 1822 - British merchants and bureaucrats petition for the Union of Upper and Lower Canada into a single colony before the British Parliament in London.
  • 1823 - On May 10, Louis-Joseph Papineau and John Neilson are delegated to Westminster by the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council to present a petition of 60,000 signatures against the Union project. (read Letter from Papineau and Neilson to the Under Secretary of State on the Proposed Union)
  • 1834 - The Ninety-Two Resolutions of the House of Assembly (Parti patriote) are sent to London. (Read full text)
  • 1837 - The Ten Resolutions of John Russell (Read full text)
  • 1837 - Boycott of all British imports, numerous public meetings to protest against the despotic rule of London over Lower Canada and Upper Canada, organization of the Fils de la liberté, mandates of arrest on the leaders of the Patriote movement, the armed resistance to their arrest by three leaders is crushed by the British army.

British military rule & Special council (3 years)

  • 1838 - Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada by Robert Nelson who invades the country with a small party of patriots exiled in the USA (Read full text)

British parliamentary regime with powerless elected house & underrepresentation (8 years)

British parliamentary regime with powerful elected house & underrepresentation (19 years)

  • 1848 - A French motion for the restoration of the French language, representation proportional to the population (rep-by-pop), double-majority principle to work around the Union Act's very purpose, Rebellion Losses Bill, Burning of the Parliament.
  • 1864 - Québec Resolutions. Many politicians voice against the confederation and demand for a referendum on the question confident it will be rejected by voters.

British federal dominion rule, provincial autonomy (64 years)

Quebec elects a minority of the members of the federal parliament, however Quebec's Franco-Catholic majority can take control of the Parliament of Quebec if they can only get the Catholic clergy to stop interfering in temporal affairs.

  • 1867 - British North America Act (Read full text)
  • 1867 - In September, Liberal Premier of Nova Scotia elected on an anti-confederation agenda, various demands for the breakup of the confederation, major electoral fraud allows for the election of the pro-confederation party in Quebec.

Beginning of a long saga to reform the constitution of the Dominion of Canada. Quebec demands the respect of its exclusive provincial powers by Ottawa, bilingualism in the other provinces too and a decentralization of federal powers so that Canada be a real binational confederation.

Canadian federation (75 years)

Canadian rule, provincial autonomy weakened (51 years)

  • 1931 - Westminster Statute (Read full text)
  • 1971 - Victoria Charter (Read full text)
  • 1980 - Québec Sovereignty-Association Referendum: 60% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project

Canadian rule, unsigned constitution (25 years)

  • 1982 - Unconstitutional and illegitimate patriation of the BNAA by the federal government
  • 1982 - Constitutional Act adopted without Quebec (Read full text)
  • 1987 - Meech Lake Accord collapses
  • 1992 - Charlottetown Accord Referendum: The Accord is rejected by both the Quebec electorate and Canadian electorate
  • 1995 - Québec Sovereignty with Partnership Referendum: 50.6% of the Quebec electorate rejects the project. However, a major case of fraud is revealed.
  • 1998 - Clarity Act (Bill C-20) (Read full text)
  • 1999 - Rights and Prerogatives of the people of Québec (Bill 99) (Read full text)

Summary

From province of France, to province of Great Britain to province of Canada for a total of some 472 years in 2006.

What does Québec want? Independence!!! Sovereignty of the people!!! Home Rule!!! Self-Government!!! Call it want you want!