Quebec and Estonia - Revision history

Yvesmarie at 13:22, 8 September 2011

2011-09-08T13:22:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 8 September 2011
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	Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].		Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].

	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (~~for example~~ tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (like tourism and trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

Yvesmarie at 12:57, 8 September 2011

2011-09-08T12:57:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 8 September 2011
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	Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of ~~philology~~ of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].		Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].

	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals ~~and which provided~~ for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local ~~know-how~~ in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the ~~very many~~ changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

	The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries ~~which~~ had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.		The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries that had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus, Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

	Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.		Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.

Mathieugp at 03:05, 30 January 2011

2011-01-30T03:05:53Z

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	[[Category:21st century]]		[[Category:21st century]]
	[[Category:Translations]]		[[Category:Translations]]
			[[Category:2002]]
			[[Category:2008]]

Mathieugp at 17:43, 13 July 2009

2009-07-13T17:43:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:43, 13 July 2009
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	* [[The impact of Quebec's linguistic policy abroad seen from francophone Belgium]] by Jean-Marie Klinkenberg		* [[The impact of Quebec's linguistic policy abroad seen from francophone Belgium]] by Jean-Marie Klinkenberg
	* [[The influence of Quebec's linguistic legislation in the political and cultural life of Porto Rico]] by Luis Muñiz-Argüelles		* [[The influence of Quebec's linguistic legislation in the political and cultural life of Porto Rico]] by Luis Muñiz-Argüelles

			[[Category:21st century]]
			[[Category:Translations]]

Mathieugp at 18:09, 27 February 2008

2008-02-27T18:09:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 27 February 2008
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	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:~~KOTUS~~\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

	The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.		The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

Mathieugp at 18:05, 27 February 2008

2008-02-27T18:05:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 27 February 2008
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	Mart Rannut, vice-~~senior~~ of research at the Department of philology of the University of Tallinn, in Estonia.		Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].

	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the Soviet Union, then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards Estonian for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and of options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in Finland to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the KOTUS, the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the Supreme Soviet - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:KOTUS\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

	The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other Baltic States and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise Moldova in 1989 and Yakutia, to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of Kazakhstan and to hold several meetings with specialists in the Ukraine. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.		The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

	Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.		Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.

Mathieugp at 17:55, 27 February 2008

2008-02-27T17:55:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 27 February 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~At the time~~ of ~~the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989~~, ~~local know-how~~ in ~~this field was insufficient~~. ~~It was thus necessary to resort to external help~~. ~~One~~ of ~~my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec,~~ the ~~text~~ of ~~Bill 101 and~~ the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in Finland to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the ~~KOTUS,~~ the ~~research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable~~.		This is an unofficial English translation of [http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/bibliotheque/ouvrages/amenagement_hs/ral01_charte_rannut_vf.pdf "Le Québec et l'Estonie"], an article found in a [http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/publications/publications_amenagement/sommaire_hs_ral.html special issue] of the [[Wikipedia:Office québécois de la langue française\|OQLF]]'s [http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/publications/publications_amenagement/ ''Revue d'aménagement linguistique''] published for the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Québec's [[Wikipedia:Charter of the French Language\|Charter of the French language]] in 2002.
			----

	In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted. The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other Baltic States and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise Moldova in 1989 and Yakutia, to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of Kazakhstan and to hold several meetings with specialists in the Ukraine. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

	~~http://www~~.~~oqlf~~.~~gouv~~.qc.~~ca/ressources/bibliotheque/ouvrages/amenagement_hs/ral01_charte_rannut_vf~~.~~pdf~~		Mart Rannut, vice-senior of research at the Department of philology of the University of Tallinn, in Estonia.

			During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the Soviet Union, then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards Estonian for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and of options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

			At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in Finland to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the KOTUS, the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the Supreme Soviet - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

			The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other Baltic States and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise Moldova in 1989 and Yakutia, to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of Kazakhstan and to hold several meetings with specialists in the Ukraine. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

			Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.

			==See also==

			* [[Quebec and Catalonia]] by Miquel Reniu i Tresserras
			* [[Influence of the Charter of the French language in China]] by Zhou Qingsheng
			* [[Quebec's language planning policy: Israeli perspective]] by Bernard Spolsky
			* [[The perception of Quebec's "fait français" in the United States]] by Joshua A. Fishman
			* [[The influence of Quebec's language planning policy abroad: Wales]] by Colin H. Williams
			* [[Language policy in Australia - a non-legislative model]] by Uldis Ozolins
			* [[The Charter of the French language in the Baltic States]] by [[Wikipedia:Ina Druviete\|Ina Druviete]]
			* [[The use of languages in Flanders and a comparison with that of Quebec]] by Jean Dujardin
			* [[The problem of bilingualism in Lituania today]] by Jonas Žilinskas
			* [[The impact of Quebec's linguistic policy abroad seen from francophone Belgium]] by Jean-Marie Klinkenberg
			* [[The influence of Quebec's linguistic legislation in the political and cultural life of Porto Rico]] by Luis Muñiz-Argüelles

Mathieugp at 23:42, 23 February 2008

2008-02-23T23:42:25Z

New page

At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in Finland to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the KOTUS, the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable.

In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted. The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other Baltic States and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise Moldova in 1989 and Yakutia, to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of Kazakhstan and to hold several meetings with specialists in the Ukraine. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/bibliotheque/ouvrages/amenagement_hs/ral01_charte_rannut_vf.pdf

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 8 September 2011
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	Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].		Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].

	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (~~for example~~ tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (like tourism and trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 8 September 2011
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	Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of ~~philology~~ of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].		Mart Rannut, vice-dean of research at the Department of Philology of the [[Wikipedia:University of Tallinn\|University of Tallinn]], in [[Wikipedia:Estonia\|Estonia]].

	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals ~~and which provided~~ for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals, providing for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local ~~know-how~~ in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the ~~very many~~ changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local knowhow in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament, the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]], was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the great number of changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

	The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries ~~which~~ had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.		The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries that had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus, Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.

	Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.		Many researchers have analyzed the similarities or, more precisely, the bonds between the Estonian language law and Bill 101.

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	During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).		During the period of independent legislation (already possible in 1988, when Estonia still formed part of the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union\|Soviet Union]], then in the process of collapse), Estonia adopted two laws directly regulating the use of language. The first, adopted in 1989, was a transitory law of standardization, of which many provisions aimed at protecting the use of bilingualism by individuals and which provided for a transitional period towards [[Wikipedia:Estonian language\|Estonian]] for physical persons. The second, adopted in 1995, founded the current linguistic system with a single national language and some options for the use of other languages according to the region (territorial autonomy), the minority group (cultural autonomy) and the functional field (for example tourism, trade).

	At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:~~KOTUS~~\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.		At the time of the drafting of the Estonian language Law of 1989, local know-how in this field was insufficient. It was thus necessary to resort to external help. One of my colleagues, Tiiu Erelt, pleasantly offered me documentation coming from Quebec, the text of Bill 101 and the comments relative to this law, which were analyzed attentively. It is on this basis that Arvo Eek, Väino Villik, Kaido Pihlakas, Aare Tark, Mart Meri and Mart Rannut wrote a preliminary version, which was then sent in [[Wikipedia:Finland\|Finland]] to Liisa Huovinen-Nyberg and Mikael Reuter, researchers of the [[Wikipedia:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland\|KOTUS]], the research center on national languages, whose observations and recommendations were very invaluable. Certain ideas were given up or radically changed during the political campaign of the parliamentary committee. (At that time, the Parliament - the [[Wikipedia:Supreme Soviet\|Supreme Soviet]] - was still a place where one voted by a raising the hand, and it was not recommended to express divergent opinions there.) In spite of the very many changes, the basic ideas drawn from Bill 101 were still recognizable in the final version which was adopted.

	The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.		The law had an enormous influence. Some of its elements were retaken by other [[Wikipedia:Baltic States\|Baltic States]] and countries which had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. In addition, the experience gained by writing this law enabled us to advise [[Wikipedia:Moldova\|Moldova]] in 1989 and [[Wikipedia:Yakutia\|Yakutia]], to make our regulation on the language known to a delegation of [[Wikipedia:Kazakhstan\|Kazakhstan]] and to hold several meetings with specialists in the [[Wikipedia:Ukraine\|Ukraine]]. Thus Bill 101 indirectly touched one sixth of the planet.